Illinois’ Home Services Program and Child Care Assistance Programs grant subsidies to people who provide home-based personal care and childcare services. Often these personal assistants are related to the adults and children requiring care. The statute allows a majority of providers to choose a union as the exclusive bargaining representative. The union “represents” all providers, both those who choose to join the union and those who do not join the union. The Supreme Court in Harris v. Quinn (2014) struck down the portion of the law that required non-union members to pay dues, and the providers in this case do not pay union dues.
Their complaint is that, despite obviously wanting nothing to do with the union, the union and the state bargain exclusively with one another and the non-union providers are bound by whatever agreement the union and state negotiate. As the Seventh Circuit opinion phrases it, the law “authorizes Illinois to listen to only one voice before deciding pay rates, hours, and other key work conditions for the providers, and allows a majority of a given bargaining unit to select that voice.”
The personal care providers sued to challenge the exclusive representation laws. The district court dismissed the complaint as barred by the Supreme Court decision in Minnesota State Board for Community Colleges v. Knight (1984), which upheld a state law that gave unions exclusive power to “meet and confer” with public employers on the theory that the dissenters were not prohibited from making their own views known to the state even though the state would not listen or act on them. The Seventh Circuit quickly affirmed, setting up the case for Supreme Court review.