The election judge took issue with Jillian’s yellow t-shirt with the words “Houston Firefighters” and a small AFL–CIO emblem. There was a ballot proposal to give the city’s firefighters a raise, which led some election judges to prohibit voters from wearing shirts with the firefighters’ union logo and even firefighter uniforms. Jillian wore the shirt to support her husband, a longtime Houston firefighter, and her extended firefighter family. The t-shirt said nothing about the ballot initiative, but the election judge ordered her to turn the shirt inside out before she could vote.
The law bans any symbols or similar communicative devices relating to anything on the ballot, such as a candidate, proposal, or political party, on Election Day and during early voting.
The ban even extends to apparel containing political figures not on the ballot that election.
Election judges are given wide discretion, including the power to make on-the-spot judgments about which shirts are okay and which are not, as well as the power to issue arrest warrants.
This election law is still on the books in Texas. This despite a U.S. Supreme Court decision in Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky (2018), which overturned a similar law in Minnesota and held that passive political expression at the polling place is protected by the First Amendment.
However, the Texas law is even worse than the statute struck down in Minnesota. In Texas, it’s a crime to wear campaign-related apparel, not just inside polling places but also within 100 feet of polling place entrances, areas considered traditional public forums, like parks, streets, and sidewalks. Texas also imposes criminal penalties on violating the law.
Backed by the Minnesota Voters ruling, Jillian is fighting back in a federal lawsuit. She is challenging Texas’ election apparel law because under the Constitution’s free speech guarantee, it should be legal for voters to wear t-shirts expressing their political beliefs on Election Day.
What’s At Stake?
- Polling places are not exempt from the First Amendment.
- No one should be forced to forfeit his or her free speech rights in exchange for the right to vote or vice versa.
